Selected Unix commands ls List all files and directorys in current directory. ls -l Do listing in long form, giving additional information such as file lengths, read/write/execute privileges. ls -a List all files, including hidden files. cd name Change directory to the indicated directory. cd Change to the login directory cd ~ Change to the home directory (login directory) cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 to file f2 clear Clear the screen mv f1 f2 Move file f1 to file f2. When in the same subdirectory, rename f1 as f2. pwd Print working directory. logout Logout of the c-shell window (not necessarily from the terminal) chmod Change the read/write/execute privileges of a file. Type chmod or man chmod to see how to use the command. The latter gives much more detail. rm file Delete the indicated file or files. more file List the indicated file, one page at a time. cat file List the indicated file. mkdir name Create a subdirectory with the given name. rmdir name Delete the indicated subdirectory [It must be empty]. man command Give help information for the given command. man -k keywd Give all commands referring to the given keyword. setenv Set environment variables. printenv Print all environment variables. ps -ef List current running processes. kill -9 Used to kill current processes. alias Used to define new command names or macros. To see the current names set using alias, simply type alias and a carriage return. gfortran GNU Fortran 95 compiler nohup No hang up. This is used to run a process in background, after logging out. & Used in putting a process into background. gedit file Invoke the gedit editor. nedit file Invoke the nedit editor. ssh Used to log into another account and/or computer. sftp Used to transfer files between accounts and/or computers. maple Used to invoke the symbolic math program MAPLE matlab Used to invoke the numerical analysis program MATLAB mathematica Used to invoke Mathematica mozilla Invoke the Mozilla reader to access the World Wide Web lp file Print a Postscript file (to the default printer)